Can I keep it?

Check your setup against this sheet

Setup

The numbers

Thermal gradient

152025303540 °C
25–27°Cool side
31–33°Warm side
≥23–24°Night floor

Day: a real gradient, 31–33°C warm against 25–27°C cool, so the animal chooses. Night: never under 23–24°C.

Why

Same scale on every sheet here, so two species compare by eye.

The sheet stateswarm 31-33 °C (88-92 °F) / cool 25-27 °C (77-80 °F) / night ≥ 23-24 °C

Humidity

55–65%Target RH
70%+ during shed

The sheet states55-65% (up to 70%+ during shed)

UVB

T5 5–6%beneficial

The sheet statesOptional; low level (T5 5–6%) beneficial

Part of this is not on the page we cite. We opened it on 10 Aug 2026 and some of the degrees above are not stated there. The values above may still be right, but we cannot show you where they came from, and nobody here has checked them against a second source. Anything about a sick animal goes to a qualified exotic vet, not to a page. reptilesmagazine.com

14:00
Day

Drag the sun. Ball Python is Nocturnal, so what it is doing changes with the light. The sheet states a night temperature, and the rail follows it.

Enclosure and conditions

Enclosure

substrate31–33 °Cwarm hidecool hidewater55–65 % RHUVB tube120 cm60 cm
warm sidewarm hidecool hidewatersubstrateUVB tube
50100150200 cm
120 × 60 × 60 cmWidth × depth × height
72dm² of floor

Drawn from the stated numbers. Only what the sheet states is drawn inside.

Why

The rectangle carries the exact width-to-height ratio of the figures above it, and the ruler under it places that width on the 0–250 cm scale every sheet here shares, so two species still compare at a glance. Nothing is added that the sheet does not name: a lamp drawn on a sheet that never mentions one would be invented equipment. What the sheet leaves out is listed rather than left blank, because an empty tank reads as « none needed ».

The sheet states120 × 60 × 60 cm (4×2×2 ft) for an adult

Ventilation
Good cross-ventilation (prevents RI)
Substrate
Coconut husk / cypress, kept dry & clean
Hides
≥ 2 tight hides (warm + cool)
Water
Large bowl big enough to soak

What your climate adds

This sheet states a range to hold. Your local climate decides how much work holding it is. Pick the nearest city: nothing is sent anywhere, the choice stays in this browser.

What it needs

Enclosure at least 120 × 60 × 60 cmbecause Enclosure — 120 × 60 × 60 cm (4×2×2 ft) for an adult
A heat sourcebecause Temperature — warm 31-33 °C (88-92 °F) / cool 25-27 °C (77-80 °F) / night ≥ 23-24 °C
A thermostat to regulate itbecause Temperature — warm 31-33 °C (88-92 °F) / cool 25-27 °C (77-80 °F) / night ≥ 23-24 °C
A thermometerbecause Temperature — warm 31-33 °C (88-92 °F) / cool 25-27 °C (77-80 °F) / night ≥ 23-24 °C
A way to check the night figurebecause Temperature — warm 31-33 °C (88-92 °F) / cool 25-27 °C (77-80 °F) / night ≥ 23-24 °C
A hygrometerbecause Humidity — 55–65% (up to 70%+ during shed)
UVB 5-6%, stated as beneficial rather than requiredbecause UVB — Optional; low level (T5 5-6%) beneficial

Every line above is deduced from a value this sheet states, and names which one. Nothing here is a general recommendation.

  • PVC enclosure 120×60×60
  • Thermostat (pulse)
  • Heat source (DHP/mat)
  • 2 hides (warm+cool)
  • Coco/cypress substrate
  • Large water bowl
  • Digital hygro/thermometer
  • F/T rodents + tongs

Food

Diet

Feeding rhythm

Juvenile
every 7–10 d
Adult
every 10–21 d
2Meals in 28 days · adult

Twenty-eight days, one row. Each band is a meal window. This sheet states a figure for each age, so each age has its row.

Why

The windows widen as they go because the interval is a range: four meals after a 10–14 day cycle land anywhere between day 40 and day 56. A young animal's row is drawn only where the sheet gives one: working it out by dividing the adult interval would be inventing a ration.

The sheet statesAppropriately sized rodents (mice → rats) · Every 10–21 days

Staple
Appropriately sized rodents (mice → rats)
Prey size
≈ 1–1.25× the widest part of the body
Method
Frozen-thawed strongly preferred
Hatchlings
Every 5–7 days
Juveniles
Every 7–10 days
Adults
Every 10–21 days
Supplements
None — whole prey is complete
Fasting
Normal in winter / breeding / pre-shed

Daily life

Behaviour and handling

HandlingCalm, ideal beginner; support whole body
Stress signsFood refusal, constant hiding, glass-searching
CohabitationHouse individually: never cohabit
DefenseBalls up (hence the name); rarely bites
ChildrenOK with adult supervision

Health

Common health problems

Respiratory infection
Signswheezing, clicking, open-mouth breathing
Preventcold/damp + poor ventilation → keep correct temps + airflow
Scale rot
Signsblistered/discolored belly scales
Preventwet dirty substrate → dry clean substrate
Retained shed / eye caps
Signsincomplete shedding
Preventlow humidity → 60–70% + humid hide during shed
Snake mites
Signstiny moving dots, over-soaking
Preventquarantine & inspect new arrivals

When to see a vet

This is not veterinary advice. If red flags appear, consult a qualified exotic (herp) veterinarian. Quarantine new arrivals 30–90 days.

Red flags

  • open-mouth breathing
  • months of weight loss
  • stargazing
  • persistent regurgitation

The species

Identity

Adult size

True scale, against a 1.75 m person

1.75 m90–150 cm ♀

Logarithmic, the same axis on every sheet

1520100400 cm
90–150 cmNose to tail, adult ♀

The size the sheet states for a grown animal. This sheet gives a figure per sex; the one drawn is marked.

Why

Two drawings, because they answer two questions. The silhouette is at true scale against a 1.75 m person: it says how big this animal actually is, which no number does for someone who has never seen one. The bar under it is logarithmic and shared by every sheet here, so a 2 cm isopod and a 4 m python both stay readable on the same axis and two species can be compared at a glance.

Family / Order
Pythonidae / Squamata
Distribution
Senegal to Uganda; savanna & forest edges
Adult size
♀ 90–150 cm · ♂ 60–90 cm
Adult weight
♀ 1200–2000 g · ♂ 600–1000 g
Lifespan (captivity)
20–30 yrs (record ~47)
Activity
Nocturnal / crepuscular; terrestrial
Temperament
Shy, docile; balls up when stressed

Morphs

40 morphs, with how each one is inherited. 14 of them carry a documented welfare cost, and those come first.

Welfare risk9documented neurological defect or lethal super form
Bumble Bee (Pastel×Spider)comboCarries Spider → wobbleSuper form: —Welfare risk
ChampagneDominantWobble; lethal super — never pairSuper form: Super = lethalWelfare risk
Hidden Gene WomaDominantStrong wobble; lethal superSuper form: super = lethalWelfare risk
Killer Bee (Super Pastel×Spider)comboCarries Spider → wobbleSuper form: —Welfare risk
SpiderDominantNeurological wobble in all carriers — discloseSuper form: non-viable (lethal)Welfare risk
Spinner (Pinstripe×Spider)comboCarries Spider → wobbleSuper form: —Welfare risk
Super Black PastelCo-dominantDuckbill + kinks — avoidSuper form: (super)Welfare risk
Super CinnamonCo-dominantDuckbill + spinal kinks — avoidSuper form: (super)Welfare risk
Super SableDominantWobble reportedSuper form: —Welfare risk
Caution5effect reported in some lines only
8-Ball (Cinnamon×Black Pastel)comboDefect risk presentSuper form: —Caution
Caramel AlbinoRecessiveHistoric kinking in some linesSuper form: —Caution
DesertCo-dominantFemale infertilitySuper form: —Caution
SpotnoseCo-dominantPowerball complex — mild wobble in some linesSuper form: Super SpotnoseCaution
WomaDominantMild wobble in some linesSuper form: —Caution
No known risk26colour and pattern only
AlbinoRecessiveAmelanisticSuper form: —
AxanthicRecessiveSeveral linesSuper form: —
Banana / Coral GlowsexlinkedMale-makerSuper form: Super Banana
Black PastelCo-dominantSingle = fineSuper form: Super Black Pastel
ButterCo-dominantSuper form: Blue-Eyed Leucistic
Candy / ToffeeRecessiveSuper form: —
CinnamonCo-dominantSingle = fineSuper form: Super Cinnamon
ClownRecessiveSuper form: —
Desert GhostRecessiveSuper form: —
EnchiCo-dominantSuper form: Super Enchi
FireCo-dominantSuper form: Black-Eyed Leucistic
Genetic StripeRecessiveSuper form: —
GHICo-dominantSuper form: Super GHI
Ghost / HypoRecessiveSuper form: —
Lavender AlbinoRecessiveSuper form: —
LeopardRecessiveSuper form: —
LesserCo-dominantSuper form: Blue-Eyed Leucistic
MojaveCo-dominantSuper form: Blue-Eyed Leucistic
MysticCo-dominantSuper form: Mystic Potion (BEL)
PastelCo-dominantBrightening, blushingSuper form: Super Pastel
PhantomCo-dominantSuper form: —
PiebaldRecessiveWhite patchesSuper form: —
PinstripeDominantSuper form: —
UltramelCo-dominantSuper form: Super Ultramel
VanillaCo-dominantSuper form: Super Vanilla
Yellow BellyCo-dominantSuper form: Ivory

How common this animal is

53/100Search interest as a pet

Relative Google search interest for the species as a pet, 2020. The scale is relative within the study: 100 is the most searched reptile it measured, not a count of animals. Reptiles only, and only the species the study measured. An absent value means the study did not measure that species, not that nobody keeps it.

Valdez JW (2021), Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade, Animals 11(3):676

1,777,766Live individuals in declared US trade filings

NOT a measure of how many are kept. These filings count animals shipped for any purpose, including the food trade and laboratory supply, and they are United States records only. The three largest volumes in the source belong to a food frog, a bait species and the standard laboratory amphibian.

US Fish and Wildlife Service LEMIS declared wildlife import and export records, as compiled in the received dataset

Reproduction

Life course

Day 0Hatch
20–30 yrLifespan in care
55–60 dIncubation
3–11 eggs (avg ~6)Clutch
20 yrMinimum commitment
Sexual maturityNot in our data

Read from the lifespan and maturity the sheet states, for animals in care and not in the wild.

Why

The minimum commitment is the low end of that lifespan, and the reproductive window is what is left after maturity: both are subtractions on stated figures, not figures of their own.

Sexual maturity F
2–3 yrs & ≥ 1200–1500 g
Sexual maturity M
8–18 months & ≥ 600 g
Sexing
Probing / popping; ♂ longer tail + spurs
Clutch
3–11 eggs (avg ~6)
Incubation
~55–60 days at 31–32 °C, ~90% RH
Breeding trigger
Cooler nights + seasonal cycling

Good to know

  • Curls into a tight ball head-in when scared: its whole defense (hence 'Ball').
  • 'Royal' (regius): legend says Cleopatra wore them; sacred to the Igbo of Nigeria.
  • The most kept pet snake on Earth and the backbone of the morph hobby.
  • Curls into a tight ball head-in when scared — its whole defense (hence 'Ball').
Terrestrial · warm · middlingFrom the sheet: warm end 31–33°C, humidity 55–65%

The way of life is written in this sheet, word for word. The climate words summarise the two figures above them, they do not add to them.

CITES II is a global listing and holds in every country. National law is not global, and we hold no national wildlife law for any country, Thailand included. Check your own authority before buying or selling.

Questions & sources

Common questions

Does it bite?

Very rarely: docile, balls up instead.

How big will it get?

♀ up to ~1.5 m, ♂ smaller.

Why won't it eat?

Usually normal (season/shed/stress); vet only if real weight loss.

How long do they live?

20–30 years: a long commitment.

Going deeper

Research dossier: read at the source, not yet cross-checked by our team. Every figure links to the page it was read on.

In the wild

Wild ecology

Distribution habitat

Range
Open woodland and savannah across western/central Africa; recorded from at least 18 countries in major trade/genetic review.
Microhabitat context
Burrows/termite-mound and ground-level refuges are important in husbandry interpretations, but home-range/activity data remain comparatively sparse.

Peer reviewed trade genetics reviewsciencedirect.com

Natural diet

Nigeria study
Both sexes ate only birds and mammals in the sampled southeastern Nigerian populations, with significant sex-related diet differences.

Peer reviewed field diettandfonline.com

Behavioral summary

Strategy
Ambush predator; largely terrestrial/nocturnal/sedentary in secondary academic summaries.

Academic secondaryanimaldiversity.org

Growth and body condition

Growth weight body condition

Remaining gap
Need a longitudinal captive age-by-age growth cohort and a validated Ball Python body-condition scoring system before age→weight commercial targets are allowed.

Wild sex growth study

Sample size
1250
Geography
Togo, West Africa
Maturity signal
Females in the study matured at about 95 cm SVL.
Supporting archive
https://www.cebc.cnrs.fr/wp-content/uploads/publipdf/2005/AJH39.pdf

Neonates

Female svl cm mean
38.3
Male svl cm mean
38.3
Female mass g mean
59.5
Male mass g mean
58.4
Interpretation
Sexual size dimorphism was essentially absent at birth.

Juveniles

Female svl cm mean
72
Male svl cm mean
73.4
Female mass g mean
380.4
Male mass g mean
394.4
Interpretation
Juvenile means remained similar; female postnatal SVL growth was slightly higher.

Adults

Finding
Adult females were larger than males and had different growth trajectories; female fecundity correlated strongly with body size.

Max reported

Female svl cm
170
Female mass g
3224
Male svl cm
140
Male mass g
2460

Peer reviewed field growthjstor.org

Captive range study

N
35
Finding
This mixed captive rescue-center cohort did not show a sex-specific length/weight distribution despite the wild population signal, illustrating why captive history and condition matter.

Sex

Male
25
Female
9
Unknown juvenile
1

Length cm range

53-148

Weight kg range

0.11-2.5

Peer reviewed captive observationaljournals.plos.org

Veterinary monitoring context

Finding
Recent UK veterinary husbandry guidance explicitly recommends weekly weight monitoring in growing animals and body-condition scoring rather than relying on body weight alone.
Limitation
The source does not publish a validated Python regius-specific BCS landmark scale.

Veterinary husbandrybrightsidevets.com

Research ceiling

Searched
peer-reviewed captive longitudinal age-by-age growth and a validated species-specific BCS scale
Result
No stronger validated captive BCS system identified in this pass.
Conclusion
Module can be deep because sex-specific wild growth, a captive cohort, and veterinary BCS/weight-trend practice are documented, while the missing universal age-weight/BCS chart is explicitly prohibited rather than guessed.
Health and welfare

Welfare evidence

Literature review

Articles screened
88
Trade focused percent
10
Welfare focused percent
17
Note
Published evidence is heavily biased toward physical/veterinary health, with limited work on environment, nutrition, behaviour and mental wellbeing.

Systematic literature reviewpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Spider

Peer-reviewed work associates the Spider phenotype with wobble and abnormal inner-ear morphology.sciencedirect.com pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Breeding

Reproduction deep

Study 2026

Design
Monthly ultrasound March-August in captive females.
Ovulated and laid percent
58.3
Ovulation window
mainly April-August
Laying window
June-November
Median clutch eggs
6
Incubation days approx
58
Follicle threshold mm
20
Follicle growth rate mm per day
0.38
Palpation false negative percent
25

Peer reviewed reproductivepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Health stop

  • suspected follicular stasis
  • retained ova/eggs
  • coelomic distension with anorexia/lethargy
  • abnormal prolonged reproductive cycle
Housing through life

Husbandry authoritative

Enclosure rule
Vivarium long enough for the snake to fully stretch out; width and height at least about one-third of snake length. Increase enclosure size as the animal grows and provide substantial cover/hides.

Example 120cm snake cm

L
120
W
40
H
40

Thermal

Hot end c
30-32
Cool end c
24-26
Night
non-light heat if room falls below target

Humidity

Baseline percent
50-60
Temporary boost percent
~80 with dry-down between boosts

Uvb

Basking uvi
1
Shade uvi
0
Photoperiod hours
12

Feeding

Young
every 5-6 days
Adult
about every 7-14 days depending on weight/body condition
Prey size
slightly wider than the widest part of the snake
Routine
frozen-thawed rodents; occasional prey diversity mentioned

Monitoring

  • regular weighing
  • digital hot/cool thermometers
  • IR thermometer
  • hygrometer

Institutional husbandryrspca.org.uk

Behavior and enrichment

Housing study

N
35
Design
Same snakes compared individually in conventional racks and later in furnished terrariums.
Rack abnormal behavior
Abnormal/stereotypy-like behaviours occurred almost exclusively in rack housing; reported stereotypical movements were ~12% of behaviours in racks vs <0.04% in terraria.
Conclusion
Rack housing considerably restricted species-typical behaviour in this study.

Terrarium only behaviors

  • basking
  • climbing
  • burrowing
  • bathing

Peer reviewed behaviorjournals.plos.org

Genetics and morphs

Genetics

Existing repo traits
40
Audit required
yes

Confirmed welfare case

Trait
Spider
Inheritance
dominant in breeder records
Welfare
serious

Peer-reviewed clinical/anatomical studies associate Spider phenotype with wobble syndrome and abnormal inner-ear morphology.sciencedirect.com pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Next audit

  • Spider-complex traits
  • Champagne
  • Hidden Gene Woma
  • Super Cinnamon/Black Pastel
  • Desert female infertility
  • Banana/Coral Glow sex-linked inheritance
  • BEL-complex allelism
  • Clown/Piebald/Axanthic line provenance

Sex linked banana coral glow

Trait
Banana / Coral Glow
Finding
Peer-reviewed case study documented non-simple-Mendelian sex linkage: male Coral Glow offspring patterns depended on whether the male parent itself came from a male or female Coral Glow line.

Peer reviewed geneticsrevistas.usp.br

Possible het guardrail

Rule
Possible-het percentages are probabilities that an individual carries a recessive allele, not the percentage of that animal's offspring that will be heterozygous.

Examples

  • 66% het
  • 50% het
Wild-caught or captive-bred

Trade history

Findings

Fact
Ball python is the most traded CITES-listed live animal exported from Africa in major modern reviews.

Academic trade reviewsciencedirect.com

Fact
Export supply from the natural range has been dominated by Benin, Ghana and Togo; ranching replaced much direct wild-capture coding but remains dependent on wild source populations.

Academic trade reviewsciencedirect.com

Fact
More than three million were exported from West Africa since recorded exports began in 1982 in one review, with >98% of Range-State exports from Togo, Benin and Ghana.

Academic trade reviewsciencedirect.com

Detail

Togo importer reported live since 1978
1657814
Share of togo live reptile exports percent
60
Recent decade source code r percent
95
Major importer
USA

Caveats

  • CITES reporting discrepancies
  • quota exceedances documented
  • ranching remains linked to wild collection and release systems

Academic trade reviewsciencedirect.com

Back to the Atlas My keep

https://keepr.pet/husbandry/en/python-regius

Python regius, photographed in the wild
Photograph · Lucy Keith-Diagne · CC BY

Photographed by an observer on iNaturalist and published under a Creative Commons licence; the photographer and the licence are named under the image. It is not an animal of ours, and no animal was handled by us to produce it.

Others in this group

What this sheet states

100%
TemperatureHumidityEnclosure sizeActivityOriginDietSourcesUVB

Every field this product runs on is stated here. That is not a claim that the values are right: it says what the sheet states, not whether it is true. Whether a human has read it is the badge at the top of this page.

UVB is measured but does not count: it is absent from 420 of 678 sheets, and on most of them that is not a gap, since a nocturnal snake's sheet has no reason to state a UV index. Counting it would call the library incomplete without cause.